Moestopo International Review on Social, Humanities, and Sciences

EFFECTIVENESS OF ROSELLA AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL

Sharron Imanuela Karauwan — 2025-10-23

The use of herbs for health maintenance and disease treatment is increasingly popular, particularly in developing countries. Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) stands out as an herbal plant with significant health benefits. Its flower petals are rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanins, polyphenolic alkaloids, and terpenoids, which contribute to its antibacterial properties. The part of the rosella plant that is usually used is the petals. Rosella flower petals contain chemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanins (red substances), polyphenolic alkaloids and terpenoids. The substances contained in the rosella plant have antibacterial activity. This paper discusses the antibacterial effect of the rosella plant. This study aimed to evaluate rosella’s antibacterial effectiveness by reviewing 15 sources published between 2012 and 2022 from Google Scholar and PubMed in both English and Indonesian. The findings confirmed that rosella flower petal extract inhibits the growth of various bacteria due to its high concentrations of flavonoids and anthocyanins. These results highlight its potential as a natural antibacterial agent. Rosella extract offers promising antibacterial benefits, supporting its use in health care and as a natural alternative in managing bacterial infections. Further research could expand its applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ROSELLA ON BONE REPAIR

Ridzky Arief — 2025-10-23

Background: Bone destruction can occur as a result of pathological processes that destroy bone components. The healing process from bone destruction can take time due to several factors such as the size and shape of the damage, metabolic factors, hormones, nutrition, and other factors. One of the plants that can repair bones is Rosella. Rosella flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) is a medicinal plant that grows in tropical and subtropical countries such as Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Hibiscus sabdariffa L contains saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and glycosides that can inhibit alveolar bone destruction. Purpose: To explain the effectiveness of Rosella (Hibiscuss Sabdariffa L.) on bone repair Methods: Journals were analyzed and accessed via Google Scholar, NCBI, and EBSCO from 2017 to 2024. Result: From 20 reference that have been found, after being analyzed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, there is 20 reference has been choosed and 5 reference excluded. Conclusion: Rosella contain flavonoids that can promote the bone healing process, flavonoids can protect against bone loss by regulating signaling pathways that improve osteoblast function, by reducing the effects of oxidative stress or chronic low-level inflammation.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SERVICE EFFECTIVENESS IN WEST JAKARTA

Nur Raisha Pujiastuti — 2025-10-23

The rapid advancement of information technology has significantly influenced the public service sector, including immigration services. This study examines the effect of information technology utilization on service effectiveness at the West Jakarta Immigration Office, with a particular focus on the role of employees in optimizing the "Smart Immigration Service" system. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 120 immigration officers through structured questionnaires. The analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between technology adoption and key indicators of service effectiveness, including accuracy, speed, transparency, and user satisfaction. The findings indicate that effective utilization of information technology positively and significantly impacts service performance, enabling faster processing times, reduced errors, and improved accessibility for the public. Moreover, employees’ digital competence plays a critical mediating role, ensuring that technological tools are applied optimally to meet service standards. This study highlights the strategic importance of continuous digital skills development for employees to sustain and enhance the quality of public services in the era of digital governance.

SATIRE NEWS AND GENERATION Z RECEPTION ON MEET NITE LIVE METRO TV

Sinta Dwi Utami — 2025-10-23

This study examines how satirical discourse is constructed in television news and how Generation Z interprets it, focusing on Meet Nite Live, a MetroTV program that combines journalism with comedy. The program adopts a casual yet sharp style, embedding socio-political critique within humorous conversations to capture younger audiences. Using Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis and Stuart Hall’s Reception Analysis, this research examines the relationship between the satire production and audience interpretation. Data were collected through program text analysis and in-depth interviews with Generation Z respondents. Findings reveal that Meet Nite Live employs informal language and satire to present critique in a non-confrontational manner, making sensitive issues more accessible and relatable. All respondents occupy a negotiated position: they acknowledge the substance of the critique but critically assess its delivery and entertainment value. This confirms that Generation Z functions as an active and discerning audience. Moreover, platform and algorithmic gatekeeping significantly shape the program’s reach, as short-form content on YouTube Shorts and TikTok often serves as the entry point for young viewers. The study concludes that satire sustains media relevance, fosters critical literacy, and strengthens democratic engagement. Meet Nite Live exemplifies how mainstream media can adapt to digital logics while maintaining socio-political issues.

THE LEGISLATIVE RATIO AND EXISTENCE OF THE MPR BEFORE AND AFTER THE AMENDMENT TO THE 1945 CONSTITUTION

Hamdan Saleh Batjo — 2025-10-23

The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) has historically occupied a central role within Indonesia's constitutional framework. Before the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, the MPR functioned as the highest state institution, exercising full Sovereignty of the people and holding constitutional supremacy. However, following the 1998 Reform Era and through four stages of constitutional amendments (1999–2002), the MPR's status fundamentally shifted into a high state organ equal to other constitutional bodies within the framework of checks and balances. This study analyzes the ratio legis of the MPR's establishment and its existence before and after the constitutional amendments. The research method is normative legal research, supported by historical and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that although the MPR's Authority has been significantly reduced, it plays strategic roles, including amending and enacting the Constitution, inaugurating the President and Vice President, and serving as a forum for national representation. The post-amendment existence of the MPR reflects an adaptation to constitutional democracy while also sparking debates on its institutional repositioning. Strengthening the MPR's role remains essential to ensuring political and constitutional stability in Indonesia.

WHY DOES THE REPORT OF SPECIAL ALLOCATION FUNDS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT OVERDUE?

Alma Arif — 2025-10-24

This study aims to identify the factors that hinder the reporting process and describe the ideal aspects of reporting the Nonphysical Special Allocation Fund for Women and Children Protection Services in Dumai City. This research uses data from the report on the realization of absorption and realization of the use of Non-physical Special Allocation Funds for Women and Children Protection Services in Dumai City in 2020-2022 and primary data from interviews. The research method uses a constructivist paradigm with an inductive qualitative approach and data analysis using thematic analysis methods. The method of determining the validity of research data uses data source triangulation techniques. Factors caused the report of special allocation funds overdue are poor internal coordination, lack of understanding of the reporting system caused by lack of socialization and ineffective use of communication media, and unsynchronized reporting between agencies and technical implementation units caused by the complexity of the reporting format and the absence of the person in charge of reporting are inhibiting factors in the reporting process. A good coordination process and socialization related to the reporting system are ideal aspects that should be done so that the reporting process becomes better.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF THE HEALING CYCLING CLUB COMMUNITY IN BUILDING SOLIDARITY

Risma Kartika — 2025-11-05

This study analyzes the role of interpersonal communication in building community solidarity within the Healing Cycling Club (HCC). Founded in 2020, this cycling community integrates cycling activities with the concept of healing, emphasizing togetherness, solidarity, and social support. The findings indicate that five qualities of interpersonal communication according to DeVito. Openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude, and equality are actively practiced in the daily interactions of HCC members. Openness is manifested through sharing information and personal experiences, building trust. Empathy is shown through genuine care and mutual support, both during cycling activities and in facing personal challenges. Supportive and positive attitudes are reflected in encouragement, appreciation, and constructive problem-solving, maintaining a harmonious atmosphere. Equality ensures that every member feels valued and has equal opportunities to participate. Solidarity within HCC is strongly realized through collective practices, where members share awareness and responsibility for the community’s success and sustainability. This is supported by the synergy of shared interest in cycling and the geographic location in Bogor, which facilitates regular interaction.

DOMESTICATING FOOTBALL RIVALRY THROUGH PARTICIPATORY CULTURE: THE DERBY JATENG CASE

Zena Pio Meidi Advento — 2025-11-05

This study explores the dynamic rivalry and communication between supporters of Derby Jateng between two football clubs, PSIS Semarang and Persis Solo, in Central Java, Indonesia. Drawing from the theory of Participatory Culture, the research hypothesizes that rivalry and competition among supporters can foster a sense of community, identity, and participatory engagement. The methods used in the study involve in-depth interviews with key informants from both supporter groups, combined with observational data from social media platforms and field observations during matches. The results suggest that despite the intense rivalry, a majority of interactions between the groups are characterized by banter and psywar, creating a participatory culture that extends beyond the football field. There is evidence of mutual respect, maturity, and a sense of brotherhood among the supporters. This unique dynamic is regulated by various stakeholders, including the police, community leaders, clubs, match managing committee, and political figures, who help 'domesticate' the rivalry and maintain peace and order. The study concludes that football rivalry, when managed properly, can serve as a platform for participatory culture, fostering community engagement, identity formation, and social cohesion.

CAUSES OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT RELAPSE

Tasya Aprilia — 2025-11-13

Orthodontic treatment is one type of treatment performed in the field of dentistry aimed at regulating the arrangement of the teeth. Relapse is the movement of teeth back to their original position after orthodontic treatment. Relapse in orthodontic treatment is a complex problem with many factors potentially affecting the treatment outcome. The detailed causes of relapse are not yet known, but there are several factors that can affect the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, facial structure growth, soft tissue pressure and interdigitates. In addition to previously mentioned factors, tongue thrust, mouth breathing, nail biting, and bad lip habits could lead to relapse of orthodontics treatment. However, relapse can be prevented by good retention of the teeth to stabilize the correction. Objective: To explain the causes of relapse in orthodontic treatment. Methods: Databases, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, were used as primary source of information. Included literatures were ranged from 2012 to 2024, written in English or Bahasa, and has publicly available full article version. Results: A total of 22 references were found and relevant to the topic of causes of relapse in orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, relapse of orthodontic treatment was caused by various factors including periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, facial structure growth, soft tissue pressure and interdigitation. In addition, tongue thrust, mouth breathing, nail biting and lip habits were also considered as compounding factors of orthodontic treatment relapse.

TOXICITY TEST OF ROSELLE CALYX EXTRACT ON OSTEOBLASTS CELLS USING MTT ASSAY

Evie Lamtiur Pakpahan — 2025-11-13

Background: Roselle calyx are the part of the roselle plant that is most often used as an extract because it has a lot of bioactive content. Roselle calyx contain dietary fiber, polyphenols, vitamin C, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and potassium, often used as raw materials for herbal medicines. Polyphenols as a whole also have benefits for bone remodeling. Polyphenols can maintain bone integrity by reducing oxidative stress, reducing inflammation through signaling pro-inflammatory and modulation of osteoblastogenesis or osteoclastogenesis through osteoimmunological actions. Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay, and data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. Results: The result showed that osteoblast cell viability after treatment with roselle calyx extract was 93.95% at 15%, 99.60% at 20%, 108.87% at 25%, and a concentration of 30% had the highest cell viability percentage of 136.69%. Conclusion: Roselle calyx extract is non-toxic to osteoblast cells and has the potential as an alternative natural material to inhibit relapse in orthodontic treatment.

TOXICITY TEST OF ROSELLE NANOHYDROXYAPATITE-GELATIN ON OSTEOBLASTS CELLS USING MTT ASSAY

Evie Lamtiur Pakpahan — 2025-11-13

Background: Orthodontic treatment often results in a relapse of tooth position after appliance removal due to insufficient bone remodeling. Effective prevention requires controlling inflammation and enhancing osteoblast activity to promote new bone formation and stabilization. Roselle calyx extract contains flavonoids with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while nanohydroxyapatite combined with gelatin improves scaffold porosity, cell adhesion, and biodegradability, thereby enhancing bone bioactivity. Methods: This in vitro study evaluated the cytocompatibility of nanohydroxyapatite–gelatin–roselle (NanoHAp-Gel-RE) composite on osteoblasts using an MTT assay. Data were analyzed for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test to determine differences between treatment groups. Results: Cell viability analysis showed that NanoHAp-Gel-RE at concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% resulted in viability values of 90.71%, 112.38%, 117.96%, and 117.34%, respectively. All tested concentrations demonstrated viability greater than 50%, indicating no cytotoxic effects. Conclusion: Roselle calyx extract and NanoHAp-Gel-RE composite exhibit good cytocompatibility toward osteoblast cells. Their ability to enhance cell viability suggests the potential for application as biocompatible therapeutic materials to support bone remodeling in preventing post-orthodontic relapse.

GOVERNANCE REFORM IN THE ERA OF DECENTRALISATION: A COMPARISON OF THE ROLES OF SMART GOVERNANCE, GOOD GOVERNANCE, AND HUMAN RESOURCE CAPACITY IN ADDRESSING CORRUPTION

Fidhia Aruni — 2025-11-18

This study comprehensively examines governance reform in the era of decentralisation, focusing on comparing the roles of Smart Governance, Good Governance, and Human Resource (HR) capacity in corruption mitigation efforts. Using a literature review approach, this article analyses various concepts, theories, and empirical findings related to the implementation of these three pillars of governance in the context of dynamic decentralisation. The results of the study show that Good Governance provides an essential foundation of ethics, transparency, and accountability, forming a normative framework for clean governance. Meanwhile, Smart Governance complements this with technological innovation, big data utilisation, and digital solutions to improve the efficiency of public services, accelerate decision-making, and narrow the gap for corruption. Human resource capacity, in terms of technical and managerial competence as well as moral integrity, has proven to be a crucial factor in bridging governance principles with practical implementation in the field. This study concludes that a synergistic combination of Good Governance as a foundation, Smart Governance as an accelerator, and competent human resources as implementers, supported by strong regulations and active public participation, is key to creating a robust and effective governance system to address the challenges of corruption in the era of decentralisation. This research has important implications for the formulation of integrated anti-corruption policies and strategies at the local and national levels.

THE EFFECT OF STAR FRUIT JUICE (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) ON TOOTH COLOR CHANGES IN THE TOOTH BLEACHING PROCESS

Mirna Rifky — 2025-11-18

Background: Tooth discoloration is an aesthetic problem that motivates patients to seek treatment. Tooth discoloration can be addressed through dental bleaching treatment. Natural ingredients can be used as an alternative to teeth whitening that is safer, more readily available, and more affordable. Bilimbi fruit juice (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) contains oxalic acid, which acts as an oxidizing agent capable of breaking down pigments by releasing oxygen in the form of free radicals. The released oxygen then breaks down the complex pigment molecules that cause tooth discoloration into simpler, colorless molecules, resulting in a whitening effect on the teeth. Objective: To determine the effect of color of teeth soaked in bilimbi fruit juice (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) on the bleaching process. Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory study with a pre-test post-test design method. The research sample consisted of 27 first and second permanent premolars, both maxillary and mandibular, which were soaked in bilimbi fruit juice (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) with a duration of 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours. The study was conducted by measuring differences in tooth color after soaking using Vita Easyshade V. Results: All groups of samples produced changes after soaking bilimbi fruit juice (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.). The value of light, chrome, and hue showed a significant difference in tooth color (sig < 0.05). Conclusion: There are changes in tooth color after being soaked in starfruit juice (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) due to its oxalic acid content and influenced by pH, concentration, soaking duration, surface cleanliness of the teeth, shelf life of the material, temperature, sealed environment, and additives. Keywords: Color Change, Bilimbi Fruit Juice (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.), Bleaching

ANALYSIS OF LEGAL SOCIOLOGY THEORY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MEDICAL LAW

Tuti Alawiyah — 2025-11-18

This study employs a socio-legal approach to examine how norms in medical law are not only formulated at the normative level but are also practiced, negotiated, accepted, or resisted within the daily interactions between doctors, patients, and healthcare institutions. Using a descriptive-analytical method that integrates doctrinal review with empirical insights, this paper analyzes the relevance and application of major sociological legal theories—such as functionalism, symbolic interactionism, Luhmann’s legal system theory, Nonet and Selznick’s responsive law, Habermas’s theory of legal legitimacy, and theories of social change and social control—in the context of medical law. The analysis demonstrates that the effectiveness of medical law depends heavily on communication, transparency, institutional culture, and the ability of legal norms to adapt to evolving social expectations and technological advancements in healthcare. The Indonesian context shows persistent challenges, including paternalistic medical culture, low legal literacy, and gaps between written norms and real clinical practice. International perspectives emphasize patient autonomy and human rights in patient care as foundational elements of modern health law. The study concludes that sociological legal theory enriches the understanding of medical law as a dynamic social system and encourages the formation of responsive, equitable, and human-centered health regulations.