Ethical Statement

This is the statement of ethics for Moestopo International Review on Social, Humanities, and Sciences (MIRSHuS) published by Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama). This statement was adapted from the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and covers the code of ethics for editorial board members, reviewers and authors.

Duties of Authors

1. Reporting Standards:Authors should present an accurate account of the original research performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Researchers should present their results honestly and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation. A manuscript should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Manuscripts should follow the submission guidelines of the journal.
2. Originality and Plagiarism:Authors must ensure that they have written entirely original work. The manuscript should not be submitted concurrently to more than one publication unless the editors have agreed to co-publication. Relevant previous work and publications, both by other researchers and the authors’ own, should be properly acknowledged and referenced. The primary literature should be cited where possible. Original wording taken directly from publications by other researchers should appear in quotation marks with the appropriate citations.
3. Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publications:Author should not in general submit the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently. It is also expected that the author will not publish redundant manuscripts or manuscripts describing same research in more than one journal. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Multiple publications arising from a single research project should be clearly identified as such and the primary publication should be referenced
4. Acknowledgement of Sources:Authors should acknowledge all sources of data used in the research and cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given.
5. Authorship of the Paper:The authorship of research publications should accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work and its reporting. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to conception, design, execution or interpretation of the reported study. Others who have made significant contribution must be listed as co-authors. In cases where major contributors are listed as authors while those who made less substantial, or purely technical, contributions to the research or to the publication are listed in an acknowledgement section. Authors also ensure that all the authors have seen and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript and their inclusion of names as co-authors.
6. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest:All authors should clearly disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.
7. Fundamental Errors in Published Works:If the author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in the submitted manuscript, then the author should promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.
8. Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects:The author should clearly identify in the manuscript if the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use.

Duties of Editor

1. Publication Decisions:Based on the review report of the editorial board, the editor can accept, reject, or request modifications to the manuscript. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision. Editors have to take responsibility for everything they publish and should have procedures and policies in place to ensure the quality of the material they publish and maintain the integrity of the published record.
2. Review of Manuscripts:Editor must ensure that each manuscript is initially evaluated by the editor for originality. The editor should organize and use peer review fairly and wisely. Editors should explain their peer review processes in the information for authors and also indicate which parts of the journal are peer reviewed. Editor should use appropriate peer reviewers for papers that are considered for publication by selecting people with sufficient expertise and avoiding those with conflicts of interest.
3. Fair Play:The editor must ensure that each manuscript received by the journal is reviewed for its intellectual content without regard to sex, gender, race, religion, citizenship, etc. of the authors. An important part of the responsibility to make fair and unbiased decisions is the upholding of the principle of editorial independence and integrity. Editors are in a powerful position by making decisions on publications, which makes it very important that this process is as fair and unbiased as possible.
4. Confidentiality:The editor must ensure that information regarding manuscripts submitted by the authors is kept confidential. Editors should critically assess any potential breaches of data protection and patient confidentiality. This includes requiring properly informed consent for the actual research presented, consent for publication where applicable.
5. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest:The editor of the Journal will not use unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript for his own research without written consent of the author. Editors should not be involved in decisions about papers in which they have a conflict of interest

Duties of Reviewers

1. Confidentiality:Information regarding manuscripts submitted by authors should be kept confidential and be treated as privileged information. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.
2. Acknowledgement of Sources:Reviewers must ensure that authors have acknowledged all sources of data used in the research. Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. The reviewers should notify the journal immediately if they come across any irregularities, have concerns about ethical aspects of the work, are aware of substantial similarity between the manuscript and a concurrent submission to another journal or a published article, or suspect that misconduct may have occurred during either the research or the writing and submission of the manuscript; reviewers should, however, keep their concerns confidential and not personally investigate further unless the journal asks for further information or advice.
3. Standards of Objectivity:Review of submitted manuscripts must be done objectively and the reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments. The reviewers should follow journals’ instructions on the specific feedback that is required of them and, unless there are good reasons not to. The reviewers should be constructive in their reviews and provide feedback that will help the authors to improve their manuscript. The reviewer should make clear which suggested additional investigations are essential to support claims made in the manuscript under consideration and which will just strengthen or extend the work
4. Disclosure and Conflict of Interest:Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers. In the case of double-blind review, if they suspect the identity of the author(s) notify the journal if this knowledge raises any potential conflict of interest.
5. Promptness:The reviewers should respond in a reasonable time-frame. The reviewers only agree to review a manuscript if they are fairly confident they can return a review within the proposed or mutually agreed time-frame, informing the journal promptly if they require an extension. In the event that a reviewer feels it is not possible for him/her to complete review of manuscript within stipulated time then this information must be communicated to the editor, so that the manuscript could be sent to another reviewer.

Research Misconduct and Allegations

MIRSHuS takes all allegations of research and publication misconduct seriously. Research and publication misconduct may include plagiarism, fabrication or falsification of data, image or data manipulation, citation manipulation, duplicate or redundant publication, inappropriate authorship, undeclared conflicts of interest, unethical research practices, and other practices that compromise the integrity of the scholarly record.

Any allegation of misconduct concerning a submitted or published manuscript should be supported by sufficient information or evidence and submitted to the editorial office.

The Editor-in-Chief or designated editor will conduct an initial assessment of the allegation. Where further investigation is required, the journal may contact the authors, reviewers, relevant institutions, research ethics committees, or other appropriate parties while maintaining confidentiality as far as reasonably possible.

MIRSHuS follows the principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when handling suspected research and publication misconduct.

Depending on the nature and severity of the case, editorial action may include rejection of the manuscript, request for clarification or correction, publication of a correction or expression of concern, retraction of the article, or communication with the author's institution or other relevant authority.

Complaints and Appeals

MIRSHuS is committed to providing a fair and transparent process for handling complaints and appeals.

Authors, reviewers, readers, or other parties may submit complaints regarding editorial procedures, peer review, publication ethics, journal policies, or published content to the editorial office.

Authors who believe that an editorial decision was based on a significant misunderstanding, factual error, or inappropriate interpretation may submit an appeal. Appeals must provide a clear academic justification and, where appropriate, supporting evidence.

The appeal will be reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief or another qualified editor who was not directly involved in the original decision whenever practicable.

An appeal does not guarantee that the original editorial decision will be changed. The decision following the appeal process will be considered final unless substantial new information becomes available.

Complaints involving the Editor-in-Chief will be handled by another appropriate member of the editorial leadership or by the publisher to maintain independence and fairness.

Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

MIRSHuS is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

When an error or ethical concern is identified after publication, the journal will assess its significance and determine the appropriate editorial action in accordance with recognized publication ethics principles.

A correction may be published when an error affects part of an article but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions.

A retraction may be issued when there is reliable evidence that the findings are seriously unreliable as a result of misconduct or major error, when the article constitutes redundant publication, when plagiarism is identified, or when serious ethical violations have occurred.

An expression of concern may be issued when serious concerns have been raised but the available evidence is inconclusive or an investigation is still in progress.

Correction, retraction, and expression-of-concern notices will be clearly identified and linked to the original article. Where an article is retracted, the original scholarly record should remain accessible and clearly marked as retracted.

Ethical Oversight and Research Involving Humans or Animals

Research involving human participants, identifiable human data, biological materials, or animals must comply with applicable ethical standards, institutional requirements, and relevant national or international regulations.

Where ethical approval is required, authors must provide the name of the approving ethics committee or institutional review board and, where applicable, the ethical approval or reference number in the manuscript.

Research involving human participants must obtain informed consent where required.

When photographs, personal information, case details, or other identifiable information are included in a manuscript, authors must obtain appropriate consent for publication where applicable.

Authors are responsible for protecting the privacy, dignity, confidentiality, and rights of research participants.

The editorial team may request evidence of ethical approval or informed consent when necessary.

Data Sharing and Reproducibility

Authors are responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the data reported in their manuscripts.

Authors should retain the research data and supporting documentation underlying their findings and should be prepared to provide relevant information to the editorial team when reasonably required for editorial assessment or research-integrity purposes.

Where ethical, legal, confidentiality, contractual, or intellectual-property restrictions do not prevent data sharing, authors are encouraged to make relevant research data available through appropriate repositories or other recognized mechanisms.

Where relevant, authors are encouraged to include a Data Availability Statement explaining whether the data supporting the findings are publicly available, available upon reasonable request, or subject to legitimate access restrictions.

Data fabrication, falsification, selective manipulation, or intentional misrepresentation is considered research misconduct.

Authorship Changes and Contributorship

Authorship must accurately reflect the contributions of individuals responsible for the scholarly work.

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after manuscript submission must be accompanied by a clear explanation and written agreement from all authors concerned, including any author being added or removed.

Changes in authorship after acceptance will only be considered in exceptional circumstances and must be approved by the Editor-in-Chief before publication.

MIRSHuS does not permit honorary, guest, gift, or ghost authorship.

Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be appropriately acknowledged with their permission.

All authors share responsibility for the integrity of the published work.

Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Automated Tools

MIRSHuS recognizes that artificial intelligence and automated tools may be used in research and scholarly writing; however, their use must comply with principles of transparency, accountability, confidentiality, and academic integrity.

Authors must disclose any substantive use of generative artificial intelligence or automated tools in the preparation, analysis, interpretation, or writing of a manuscript, except for routine assistance limited to spelling, grammar, language correction, formatting, or similar editorial functions.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, citations, references, and conclusions of the submitted manuscript, including any content generated or assisted by automated tools.

Artificial intelligence systems or automated tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the work.

 Generative AI output should not be cited as a scholarly source.

Reviewers and editors must maintain manuscript confidentiality and must not upload submitted manuscripts, unpublished data, reviewer reports, or other confidential editorial materials to generative AI systems for the purpose of producing peer-review reports or editorial decisions.

Any automated tools routinely used by MIRSHuS for purposes such as similarity checking, integrity screening, or editorial support must remain subject to meaningful human review and verification.

DOAJ's current guide specifically recommends that journals publish an AI policy covering authors, reviewers, and editors, including disclosure of substantive AI use, author responsibility, prohibition on AI authorship, and human oversight of automated tools.

Post-Publication Discussion

MIRSHuS welcomes responsible scholarly discussion concerning articles published in the journal.

Readers, researchers, and other interested parties may contact the editorial office to raise substantive academic, methodological, ethical, or factual concerns regarding published content.

Where appropriate, the journal may invite the original authors to respond to concerns raised.

Following editorial assessment, the journal may publish a clarification, correction, expression of concern, retraction, or other appropriate editorial notice when necessary to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

Intellectual Property

MIRSHuS respects the intellectual property rights of authors and third parties.

Authors retain the copyright and full publishing rights to their published articles in accordance with the journal's Copyright and Licensing Policy.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that any copyrighted third-party material included in their manuscripts has been used lawfully and that appropriate permission has been obtained where required.

Detailed information regarding copyright ownership and the Creative Commons license applied to MIRSHuS articles is available on the journal's Copyright and Licensing Policy page.